A passive component operates without needing its own energy source, relying instead on the alternating current (AC) circuit it's connected to. It doesn't amplify power and isn't a power source. Examples include resistors, inductors, capacitors, and transformers, essential for constructing electrical or electronic circuits.

These passive devices can function independently or in combination within a circuit, either in series or parallel configurations, to manage complex circuits or signals.

Types of Passive Components:

• Capacitors: A capacitor stores and holds charge similar to a battery. It consists of two close conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric material. When connected to a power source, the plates accumulate electric charge—positive on one plate and negative on the other—holding the charge even when the voltage is removed. Various types include film, mica, ceramic, electrolytic, aluminum electrolytic, tantalum electrolytic, and power factor correction capacitors.
• Resistors: Resistors impede the flow of electrical current. While they don't amplify or shape current, they offer precise control over current flow.
• Inductors: Inductors store or release energy but don't generate it. Ideally, they are lossless, meaning they store energy indefinitely without losing it as heat. Also known as coils, chokes, electromagnets, or solenoids.
• Ferrite Cores: Ferrite cores, ceramic compounds containing iron and other metals, are common in electrical components like antennas. They feature wound components such as transformer windings and inductors, offering low electrical conductivity and high magnetic permeability.
• Surge Protection Components: Surge protectors safeguard electronic devices against electrical surges, preventing potential damage. They are commonplace in homes and offices, providing added protection for expensive electronics.